This textbook has been designed to meet the needs of B.Sc. Fourth Semester students of Zoology for the Ranchi University and other universities in Jharkhand under the recommended National Education Policy 2020. It comprehensively covers the theoretical and practical aspect of the papers, namely,
'MJ 6: Comparative Anatomy', 'MJ 7: Animal Physiology' and 'MJ 8: Practicals'.
The theory part of MJ 6: Comparative Anatomy discusses the evolution of vertebrates with an insight on structure, function and development, The students will understand evolutionary concepts including homology and homoplasy, and detailed discussions of major organ systems. This book also helps the students to understand how cells, tissues, and organisms function at different levels, as well as the basis of understanding their abnormal function in animal and human diseases and new methods for treating those diseases. MJ 7: Animal Physiology discusses the evolution of various organ systems and helps understand how cell, tissues and organs function at different levels. This book also helps the students to develop an understanding of the related disciplines, such as cell biology, neurophysiology, pharmacology, biochemistry etc. MJ 8: Practicals discuss the relevant experiments corresponding to the theoretical topics and present examples systematically to help students achieve sound conceptual understanding and learn experimental procedures.
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