This book serves as an in-depth exploration of ecological and environmental conservation, particularly emphasizing the indian context. It begins with foundational concepts of ecology, environments, and ecosystems, setting the stage for more complex discussions. Significant emphasis is placed on biodiversity, detailing its levels, conservation methods, and the identification of critical hotspots, Conservation efforts are thoroughly examined, presenting global and national initiatives, legal frameworks, and policies aimed at protecting endangered species and habitats. It also tackles climate change, outlining its impacts, contributing factors, and both global and national responses. Pollution, renewable energy, and forest conservation are addressed, offering insights into managing environmental challenges and promoting sustainable practices. Lastly, the book touches on miscellaneous topics crucial to a comprehensive understanding of environmental conservation, such as environmental impact assessments and specific issues like black carbon and sea-level rise. Overall, it's a concise resource for those interested in the complexities of ecological conservation and sustainable environmental management.